Since ancient times, there are those who have dreamed of finding a City of Youth, where the population never ages, and any outsider who comes to live will remain forever young. They probably did not have in mind, however, the kind of "agelessness” found in Shenzhen, China. Lying just over the border from Hong Kong, this "instant city” grew in just over 25 years from a small fishing village to a sprawling metropolitan region now approaching 10 million people. As the first of the Special Economic Zones in China, it was a model for the capitalistic "market reforms” and "opening to the world...

Every class and sub-class stratum in China is undergoing dramatic changes that will have a profound impact on their own role, the relations between them, and the future course of the society. These transformations are especially evident among the Chinese working classes, who are experiencing the most radical alterations in their conditions in many decades. They have major implications not only within China, but for the global system, both in their own direct impact and as one "model” for developments elsewhere as well. The Chinese working classes are today mounting some of the largest protes...

The radical cultural project that the Cultural Revolution placed on the global agenda four decades ago is as urgent in our day as it was then. It also affords a perspective from which to view the present critically.

今年是文化大革命发动40周年，仇视和歌颂文化大革命的双方都在纪念。文革结束以来，似乎一切以经济建设为中心了，似乎大家都不谈文革了。但是，文革仍然是中国各级政治舞台上各色人物的最刻骨铭心的经历，仍然是政治事件和决策背后最深层的动因

How do the Paris Commune and, for us here, the Cultural Revolution in China fit into the long historical pattern of apparent defeat, followed by further victories and socialist revival, not only in newer forms, but with greater strength than before?

The Second International's Marxism, proletarian-and-European-centered, shared with the dominant ideology of that period a linear view of history—a view according to which all societies had first to pass through a stage of capitalist development (a stage whose seeds were being planted by colonialism which, by that very fact, was "historically positive”) before being able to aspire to socialism. The idea that the "development” of some (the dominating centers) and the "underdevelopment” of others (the dominated peripheries) were as inseparable as the two faces of a single coin, bo...

Introduction

The Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution (GPCR) in China from 1966-69 came at a time when the patriotic and democratic mass movement in the Philippines had stirred back to life and was gaining new-found vitality. This resurgent mass movement was in the form of a national democratic revolution that drew inspiration from the victorious Chinese new democratic revolution .

Like pre-1949 China, post-war Philippine society was semi-feudal and semi-colonial. The big compradors and big landlord classes dominated the backward, agrarian, pre-industrial economy. The Philippines wa...

This paper is part of a larger work in progress, my dissertation, on the influence of the Chinese Cultural Revolution in Latin America, using case studies from Mexico, Peru and Bolivia in addition to doing a broad overview of the continent. In this paper, I'll use examples from my Mexican case study to talk about the impact of the Cultural Revolution in Latin America. I've chosen to focus on Mexico because Mexico is, in my opinion, a good representative example for the development of Maoism in Latin America. It's not as spectacular as the Peruvian and Colombian experiences, but it&...

Introduction

In the course of looking at Chinese foreign policy from 1949-1976, this paper focuses on three sets of questions:

• During the Maoist era, how did the Chinese Communist Party address the contradiction between pursuing the state interests of the People's Republic, and supporting revolutionary struggles around the world? To what extent did it handle this contradiction successfully? To the degree to which it was not handled successfully, what were the reasons for these shortcomings? • How did the New Communist Movement in the U.S., which arose in the late1960s and...

The Communist Party of China (CPC) took the leadership of fighting against revisionism after the conclusion of the 20th Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU) in 1956. Therefore, in order for us to understand the impact of China's Cultural Revolution on the international communist movement, we have to understand the CPC's anti-revisionist struggles during the ten years before the Cultural Revolution.

Part one of this essay will discuss the major issues regarding revisionism by reviewing the exchanges between the CPSU and CPC during most of this period. Although ...